Menstrual Cycle: A Natural Process

Overview

The menstrual cycle is a natural process occurring in the female body that prepares for a possible pregnancy.

Female Reproductive System Components

• Uterus: Where a baby could grow.
• Cervix: The opening to the uterus.
• Vagina: A passageway to the outside of the body.
• Ovaries: Produce eggs.
• Fallopian Tubes: Carry eggs to the uterus.

Phases of the Menstrual Cycle

Follicular Phase

• Begins around Day 5.
• Ovaries contain follicles, each with an immature egg.
• One follicle matures faster, producing estrogen.
• Estrogen thickens the uterus lining.

Ovulation (Around Day 13-14)

• The mature egg is released into the fallopian tube.
• The egg travels toward the uterus, aided by muscle movements and tiny hairs.

Luteal Phase

• The leftover follicle forms the corpus luteum, releasing progesterone.
• Progesterone maintains the uterus lining.

Outcome

• If fertilized: Corpus luteum continues to produce progesterone.
• If not fertilized:
  • Corpus luteum breaks down.
  • Progesterone levels drop.
  • The uterus lining is shed as menstrual blood (period), lasting 3 to 7 days.

Additional Notes

• The cycle repeats itself.
• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a condition with multiple ovarian cysts.

For more information on PCOS, watch our next video on this topic.