Dynamics of Earth's Core and Magnetic Field

Formation of Earth's Core

• Early Earth was molten, causing heavier elements to sink.
• Heavy Elements: Primarily iron.
• Light Elements: Such as rocks, floated to the surface.

Composition and Characteristics

• The Earth's core comprises mostly iron.
• The core remains hot, keeping the iron in a molten state.

Creation of Earth's Magnetic Field

• Movement: The molten iron spins.
• Dynamo Effect: Spinning molten iron creates a magnetic field.

Function of Earth's Magnetic Field

• Magnetic Shield: Protects Earth by forming a shield around it.
• Interaction with Solar Particles:
  • Charged particles from the sun encounter this magnetic field.
  • Particles spiral down towards the poles.
  • Interaction results in energy transfer to air molecules.

Phenomenon of Aurora

• The interaction of charged particles with air molecules excites these molecules.
• As excited molecules return to a lower energy state, they emit visible light, resulting in the Aurora Borealis and Aurora Australis.