Lecture: Basic Input and Output

Introduction

• Welcome to Nesso Academy: Continuation from the previous lecture on the basics of IO stream.
• Objective: Understand what input and output are, and how to perform input and output operations.

Lecture Topics

1. std::cout
2. std::endl
3. std::cin

1. std::cout

• Definition: std::cout is short for standard character output.
  • STDC: Standard
  • C: Character
  • Out: Output
• Functionality: Used to display data as a sequence of characters on the console window.
• Example:

  #include <iostream>
  
  int main() {
      std::cout << 42;
  }
  

  • Displays "42" as characters on the console.
  • Uses the insertion operator (<<) to output values.

2. std::endl

• Purpose: Specifies a new line in the output.
• Usage: Use std::endl at the end of a std::cout statement to signal a newline.
• Example:

  std::cout << "Hello" << std::endl << "I am a teacher.";
  

  • Outputs:

    Hello
    I am a teacher.
    

• Mechanism: Separates lines in the output to match expected formatting.

3. std::cin

• Definition: std::cin stands for standard character input.
  • STDC: Standard
  • C: Character
  • In: Input
• Functionality: Used to read input from the keyboard.
• Example:

  #include <iostream>
  
  int main() {
      int age;
      std::cin >> age;
      std::cout << "You entered: " << age << std::endl;
  }
  

  • Reads an integer value from the user input and displays it back.
• Multi-input Capability: Can chain extraction operators to read multiple values.

  std::cin >> age >> gender;
  

  • Receives more than one input.

Summary

• Covered three main topics pertinent to input and output in C++.
• Learned how to output using std::cout, manage new lines with std::endl, and take input with std::cin.
• The importance of correctly using these components in creating effective console applications was demonstrated.

End of lecture. Thank you for watching. See you in the next one!