AIgo NotesFlashcards for:
Overview of Lung Cancer and Smoking
How is nicotine linked to type 2 diabetes?
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Nicotine's effects on impaired insulin sensitivity may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes.
When did lung cancer become the most common cause of cancer deaths in men?
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Lung cancer became the most common cause of cancer deaths in men in 1953.
By what year did lung cancer become one of the leading causes of cancer deaths in women?
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By 1985, lung cancer became one of the leading causes of cancer deaths in women.
How many people were estimated to die from lung cancer in 2020?
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It was estimated that 1.8 million people would die from lung cancer in 2020.
What percentage of lung cancer deaths are considered avoidable?
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90% of lung cancer deaths are considered avoidable because they can be attributed to smoking.
What are the primary physical differences between healthy lungs and smoker's lungs?
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Healthy lungs maintain a pinkish color and are elastic, while smoker's lungs can appear black and are not as elastic.
What is the leading cause of lung cancer?
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The leading cause of lung cancer is smoking, primarily smoking tobacco products like cigarettes.
How does exposure to secondhand smoke compare to active smoking in terms of lung cancer risk?
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Secondhand smoke exposure increases lung cancer risk, but the intensity of exposure is typically far less than that of active smoking.
What is the relationship between marijuana smoking and lung cancer risk?
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Marijuana smoking probably does increase the risk of lung cancer, but the magnitude of that risk has not yet been fully quantified.
What are some negative health consequences of smoking besides lung cancer?
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Smoking can cause cardiovascular disease, increase the risk of infections, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, reproductive problems, and can lead to gum disease and eye issues like macular degeneration.
How does cigarette smoking affect cardiovascular health?
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Cigarette smoking can inflame blood vessels, increase the risk of clotting, and negatively impact cholesterol levels.
How does smoking during pregnancy affect reproductive health?
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Smoking during pregnancy can cause complications and is associated with premature menopause, infertility, and erectile dysfunction.
How can smoking affect bone health?
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Smoking can accelerate bone loss, reduce blood flow to bones, hinder the production of bone-building cells, and decrease calcium absorption.
What happens to the risk of lung cancer after quitting smoking for 15 years?
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Former smokers who quit for over 15 years have an 80 to 90% risk reduction in developing lung cancer compared to current smokers.
Is vaping considered less harmful than smoking cigarettes?
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It is still unclear, as vaping is relatively new and more research is needed to understand its long-term effects compared to cigarette smoking.
What is COPD and how is it related to smoking?
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COPD stands for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and it is often associated with long-term smoking.
Can quitting smoking bring down the risk of smoking-related health issues?
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Yes, quitting smoking can significantly decrease the risk of lung cancer and improve overall health and quality of life.
Why do some people who smoke live longer without apparent health issues?
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They are considered outliers who might have genetic resilience to developing lung cancer, and their long lives are despite smoking, not because of it.
Does vaping tobacco products carry risks similar to those from smoking cigars or pipes?
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Yes, both carry risks, though the risk from cigars and pipes is potentially lower than cigarettes. The risk from vaping is still being studied.
What changes can occur in the lung epithelial cells of marijuana smokers?
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Histologic and molecular changes similar to those in cigarette smokers can occur, potentially increasing lung cancer risk.
How is nicotine linked to type 2 diabetes?
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Nicotine's effects on impaired insulin sensitivity may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes.
When did lung cancer become the most common cause of cancer deaths in men?
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Lung cancer became the most common cause of cancer deaths in men in 1953.